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This article is about the poem. For the novel by Richard Bowker, see. ' Dover Beach' is a by the English poet. It was first published in 1867 in the collection New Poems, but surviving notes indicate its composition may have begun as early as 1849. The most likely date is 1851.

The title, locale and subject of the poem's descriptive opening lines is the shore of the English ferry port of, in Kent, facing, in France, at the, the narrowest part (21 miles) of the, where Arnold honeymooned in 1851. Many of the beaches in this part of England are made up of small stones or pebbles rather than sand, and Arnold describes the sea ebbing over the stones as a “grating roar.”.

• Rosenblatt, Roger (14 January 1985).. Retrieved 2 August 2007. A brief poem that eventually would be remembered by many more people than would remember the Great Exhibition, indeed would become the most anthologized poem in English • ^ Allott, 1965, p.

• Holt Literature and Language Arts, Sixth Course. Houston, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. • Stefan Collini (1988) Arnold pp. 39–40, Oxford University Press, • Culler, 1966, p. 39; Honan, 1981, p. 234; Pratt, 2000, pp. • Collini, 1988, p.

• Honan, 1981, p. • Tinker and Lowry, 1965, pp. Tinker and Lowery attempt to discover a specific reference to Sophocles, suggesting passages from Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus at Colonus, and Philoctetes. But they add that 'the Greek author has reference only to the successive blows of Fate which fall upon a particular family which has been devoted to destruction by the gods.

The plight described metaphorically by the English poet is conceived to have fallen upon the whole human race.' • Allott, 1965, p. Though Allott concludes that 'no passage in the plays [of Sophocles] is strictly applicable' to the passage in 'Dover Beach,' she feels that the passage from the Trachiniae ( The Women of Trachis) comes closest. • Culler, 1966, p. 40 • Pratt, 2000, p. Pratt goes on to equate this passage to ' ' – 'Blessed rage for order./The maker's rage to order words of the sea.' • Allott, 1965, p.

Compare to ll. 80–82 of his 'Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse' which appears to have been written at about the same time. For probable date of composition of 'Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse', see Allott, 1965, p. • The 'distant northern sea' is the which separates England from continental Europe and is the body of water that forms Dover beach.

• Collini, 1988, p. Collini calls the 'Sea of Faith' 'a favoured Arnoldian metaphor.' • Culler, 1966, p. Culler describes this as a 'lovely, feminine, protective image of the Sea,' while Pratt sees not the beauty of the metaphor but its awkwardness and obscurity. (Pratt, 2000, p.

82) • Honan, 1981, p. Honan sees the 'vast edges drear' as a possible memory of in the, which Honan describes as 'mountainous grey 'scree' running into translucent depths of water.' • ^ Collini, 1988, p. • Pratt, 2000, p. • Honan, 1981, p. 'That lovers may be 'true / To one another' is a precarious notion: love in the modern city momentarily gives peace, but nothing else in a postmedieval society reflects or confirms the faithfulness of lovers.

Devoid of love and light the world is a maze of confusion left by 'retreating' faith.' • Tinker and Lowry, 1965, p. 'Here are to be found the details used by Arnold: a night-attack, fought upon a plain at the top of a cliff, in the moonlight, so that the soldiers could not distinguish clearly between friend and foe, with the resulting flight of certain Athenian troops, and various 'alarms,' watchwords, and battle-cries shouted aloud to the increasing confusion of all.' • Culler, 1966, p. • Pratt, 2000, p. 82 (emphasis in the original) She points to the final line's 'as on': this is the language of simile. • Honan, 1981, p.

Honan notes that had used the image once to define controversy as a sort of 'night battle'. He also notes that the image occurs in 's. • Tinker and Lowry, 1965, p.

Tinker and Lowry point out that 'there is evidence that the passage about the 'night-battle' was familiar coin among Rugbeians' at the time Arnold attended Rugby and studied there under his father Dr. Thomas Arnold whose keen interest in Thucydides had a distinct impact on his students. • ^ Honan, 1981, p. • Culler, 1966, p. 40; Pratt, 2000, pp. • Culler, 1966, p. • Pratt, 2000, pp.

• Pratt, 2000, p. • Honan, 1981, p. Also see 'Dover Beach' discussed in the Influence section of this article.

• Pratt, 2000, p. • Collini, 1988, p. • Tinker and Lowry, 1940, p. • Allott, 1965, p. • Allott, 1965, p. • Tinker and Lowry, 1940, pp. • 'Dover Bitch,' by Anthony Hecht, in Matthew Arnold, A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by David J.

DeLaura, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1973. • 'Arnold the Poet: (ii) Narrative and Dramatic Poems' by Kenneth and Miriam Allott, in Matthew Arnold edited by Kenneth Allott from the Writers and Their Background series, 1976, Ohio University Press: Athens, Ohio, p. References [ ] For a more thorough bibliography see. • Professors Chauncey Brewster Tinker and Howard Foster Lowry, The Poetry of Matthew Arnold: A Commentary (New York: Oxford University Press, 1940), Alibris ID • (editor), The Poems of Matthew Arnold (London and New York: Longman Norton, 1965), • Park Honan, Matthew Arnold, a life (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), • A. Dwight Culler, Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966). • Stefan Collini, Arnold (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), • Linda Ray Pratt, Matthew Arnold Revisited, (New York: Twayne Publishers, 2000), • The text of the poem is as in Poetry and Criticism of Matthew Arnold, edited by Dwight Culler, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1961; and Matthew Arnold's Poems ed. Kenneth Allott (pub.

Dent & Sons Ltd, 1965). The editors of this page have opted for the elided spellings on several words ('blanch'd,' 'furl'd') consistent with these texts. • Melvyn Bragg,, BBC Radio 4, Thu 10 May 2007 External links [ ] • Works related to at Wikisource • public domain audiobook.

Natchez, Mississippi Show map of the US Location in Mississippi Coordinates:: Founded 1716 as, renamed by 1730 Established c. 1790 as the capital of the Natchez District 1800s Government • Darryl Grennell Area • Total 13.9 sq mi (35.9 km 2) • Land 13.2 sq mi (34.2 km 2) • Water 0.7 sq mi (1.7 km 2) Elevation 217 ft (66 m) Population () • Total 15,792 • Estimate (2016) 15,109 • Density 1,100/sq mi (440/km 2) () • Summer () () 2 28-50440 feature ID 0691586 Website Natchez is the and only city of,, United States. Natchez has a total population of 15,792 (as of the 2010 census).

Located on the across from in,, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade. Natchez is some 90 miles (140 km) southwest of, the of Mississippi, which is located near the center of the state. It is approximately 85 miles (137 km) north of, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 25th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the of, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period. Main article: Established by in 1716, Natchez is one of the oldest and most important European settlements in the lower. After the French lost the (Seven Years' War), they ceded Natchez and near territory to in the.

(It later traded other territory east of the Mississippi River with Great Britain, which expanded what it called West Florida). After the United States acquired this area from the British after the American Revolutionary War, the city served as the capital of the and then of the of. It predates by more than a century; the latter replaced Natchez as the capital in 1822, as it was more centrally located in the developing state. The strategic location of Natchez, on a overlooking the, ensured that it would be a pivotal center of trade, commerce, and the interchange of ethnic Native American, European, and African cultures in the region; it held this position for two centuries after its founding.

History, Natchez is recognized particularly for its role in the development of the during the first half of the nineteenth century. It was the southern terminus of the historic, with the northern terminus being. After unloading their cargoes in Natchez or, many and crew of and traveled by the Trace overland to their homes in the. (Given the strong current of the Mississippi River, it was not until were developed in the 1820s that travel northward on the river could be accomplished by large boats.) The Natchez Trace also played an important role during the. Today the modern, which commemorates this route, still has its southern terminus in Natchez. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the city attracted wealthy Southern planters as residents, who built to fit their ambitions.

Their were vast tracts of land in the surrounding lowlands along the river fronts of Mississippi and Louisiana, where they grew large commodity crops of and using. Natchez became the principal from which these crops were exported, both upriver to Northern cities and downriver to, where much of the cargo was exported to Europe. Many of the mansions built by planters before 1860 survive and form a major part of the city's architecture and identity. Agriculture remained the primary economic base for the region until well into the twentieth century. During the twentieth century, the city's economy experienced a downturn, first due to the replacement of traffic on the Mississippi River by in the early 1900s, some of which bypassed the river cities and drew away their commerce. Later in the 20th century, many local industries closed in a restructuring that sharply reduced the number of jobs in the area. Despite its status as a popular destination for because of well-preserved, Natchez has had a general decline in population since 1960.

It remains the principal city of the Natchez, MS–. Geography [ ] Natchez is located at 31°33'16' latitude, 91°23'15' longitude (31.554393, −91.387566). According to the, the city has a total area of 13.9 square miles (36 km 2), of which 13.2 square miles (34 km 2) are land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km 2) (4.62%) is water. Climate [ ] Natchez has a ( Cfa) under the system. House on Broadway Street, Eidelweiss As of the of 2000, there were 18,464 people, 7,591 households, and 4,858 families residing in the city. The was 1,398.3 people per square mile (540.1/km²). There were 8,479 housing units at an average density of 642.1 per square mile (248.0/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 54.49%, 44.18%, 0.38%, 0.11%, 0.02%, 0.18% from, and 0.63% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population were or of any race. There were 7,591 households out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out with 26.5% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $25,117, and the median income for a family was $29,723. Males had a median income of $31,323 versus $20,829 for females.

The for the city was $16,868. 28.6% of the population and 25.1% of families were below the. 41.6% of those under the age of 18 and 23.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Education [ ] Natchez is home to 's Natchez Campus, which offers the School of Nursing, the School of Business, and graduate business programs. The School of Business offers (MBA) degree and other business classes from its Natchez campus. The MBA program attracts students from a wide range of academic disciplines and preparation from the Southwest Mississippi area and beyond offering concentrations in general business, gaming management and hospitality management.

Both schools in the Natchez campus provide skills which has enabled community students to have an important impact on the economic opportunities of people in Southwest Mississippi. The Natchez Campus is a modern facility with several technology-driven amenities, such as campus-wide WiFi and electronic whiteboards for e-delivery of lectures. The School of Business from its Natchez Campus also offers other continuing education courses and workshops for the benefit of the regional community and businesses.

The Natchez Campus also operates a satellite campus library. Also operates a campus in Natchez. The city of Natchez and Adams County operate one public school system, the. Acpi Cpl0002 Driver Windows 7. The district comprises eight schools. They are Susie B. West, Morgantown, Gilmer McLaurin, Joseph F.

Frazier, Robert Lewis Middle School, Central Alternative School,, and Fallin Career and Technology Center. In Natchez, there are a number of private and parochial schools. Is a PK-12 school founded by Trinity Episcopal Church. Adams County Christian School (ACCS) is also a PK-12 school in the city. Trinity Episcopal Day School and Adams County Christian School are both members of the (MAIS). Cathedral School is also a PK-12 school in the city. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic.

Holy Family Catholic School, founded in 1890, is a PK-3 school affiliated with Holy Family Catholic Church. Economy [ ], a operated by the on behalf of the, is in an in, near Natchez. Transportation [ ] Highways [ ] runs north-south, parallel to the Mississippi River, linking Natchez with,, and,. Runs east-west and bridges the Mississippi, connecting it with, and,. Runs north from Natchez along the west bank of the Mississippi. Connects with, at which Route 65 connects to north to,, and,.

Runs east from Natchez towards and,. Runs north from the center of Natchez to where it joins Mississippi Highway 554. Runs from the north side of the city to where it joins Highway 61, northeast of town. Rail [ ] Natchez is served by rail lines, which today carry only freight. Air [ ] Natchez is served by the, a general aviation facility. The nearest airports with commercial service are, 85 miles (137 km) to the south via US 61 and, 82 miles (132 km) to the west via US 84 to LA-28W.

Retrieved June 9, 2017. National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved June 17, 2013.

Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved June 17, 2013. Retrieved 2011-04-23. Retrieved 8 April 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2010.

Retrieved June 4, 2015. Retrieved 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2017-05-02.

Archived from on 2012-06-07. Retrieved 2012-06-09. • 2012-04-18 at the. Retrieved on June 28, 2016. '20 Hobo Fork Road, Natchez, MS 39120' • Barth, Jack (1991).

Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books. • ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Ph.D. Dissertation, December 2006, pp. Retrieved July 19, 2013.

Retrieved July 19, 2013. • (PDF).: Ph.D., December 2006, pp. Retrieved July 20, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2014. •, The University of Texas at Austin: •. Bysoft 7 Crack Derby more. Retrieved 2017-05-02.

•..,: genealogy.com. Archived from on October 12, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014. Barton (1915-03-14).. Natchez Democrat.

Archived from on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2009-11-03. Further reading [ ] • Anderson, Aaron D.

Builders of a New South: Merchants, Capital, and the Remaking of Natchez, 1865-1914. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2013. • Boler, Jaime Elizabeth.

City under Siege: Resistance and Power in Natchez, Mississippi, 1719–1857, PhD. Of Southern Mississippi, Dissertation Abstracts International 2006 67(3): 1061-A. DA3209667, 393p. • Brazy, Martha Jane. An American Planter: Stephen Duncan of Antebellum Natchez and New York, Louisiana State U. • Broussard, Joyce L. 'Occupied Natchez, Elite Women, and the Feminization of the Civil War,' Journal of Mississippi History, 2008 70(2): 179–207.

• Broussard, Joyce L. Stepping Lively in Place: The Not-Married, Free Women of Civil War-Era Natchez, Mississippi. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2016. • Cox, James L.

The Mississippi Almanac. New York: Computer Search & Research, 2001.. • Davis, Jack E. Race Against Time: Culture and Separation in Natchez Since 1930, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001. • Davis, Ronald L. Good and Faithful Labor: from Slavery to Sharecropping in the Natchez District 1860-1890, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982.

• Dittmer, John. Local People: The Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994. • Gandy, Thomas H. The Mississippi Steamboat Era in Historic Photographs: Natchez to New Orleans, 1870–1920.

New York: Dover Publications, 1987. • Gower, Herschel. Charles Dahlgren of Natchez: The Civil War and Dynastic Decline Brassey's, 2002. 'Searching for Free People of Color in Colonial Natchez,' Southern Quarterly 2006 43(2): 97–112 • James, Dorris Clayton. Ante-Bellum Natchez (1968), the standard scholarly study • Libby, David J.

Slavery and Frontier Mississippi, 1720–1835, U. Press of Mississippi, 2004. Focus on Natchez • Nguyen, Julia Huston. 'Useful and Ornamental: Female Education in Antebellum Natchez,' Journal of Mississippi History 2005 67(4): 291–309 • Nolan, Charles E.

Mary's of Natchez: The History of a Southern Catholic Congregation, 1716–1988 (2 vol 1992) • Umoja, Akinyele Omowale. 'We Will Shoot Back': The Natchez Model and Paramilitary Organization in the Mississippi Freedom Movement'], Journal of Black Studies, Vol.

3 (Jan., 2002), pp. • Way, Frederick. Way's Packet Dictionary, 1848–1994: Passenger Steamboats of the Mississippi River System Since the Advent of Photography in Mid-Continent America. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1994. • Wayne, Michael. The Reshaping of Plantation Society: The Natchez District, 1860–1880 (1983). External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for. • • •, the city's daily newspaper •, •, St. Mary Basilica Archives •, University of Mississippi.